Torrefaction of Almond and Walnut Byproducts
نویسندگان
چکیده
While the US nut industry is growing, markets for by-products, particularly nutshells and tree prunings, have not kept pace. Torrefaction a thermochemical process used to improve physicochemical properties of biomass energy other applications. The goal paper was characterize effects range torrefaction conditions on by-product feedstock. consists thermal treatment at temperature between 200 300°C in absence oxygen, where final material torrefied depend temperature, heating rate, residence time. In general, exhibits higher hydrophobicity calorific value with reduced moisture absorption compared untreated biomass, making it an ideal fuel source applications raw biomass. this study, almond shells soft, semi-soft, hardshell varieties, as well walnut wood, were two different temperatures (230 290°C) three times (20, 40, 60 min) order properties. behavior heat-treated investigated by TGA analysis, elemental pH, helium pycnometry, FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic vapor sorption analysis.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Energy Research
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2296-598X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.643306